Prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections in hospitalized patients before transfusion and volunteer blood donors in Zhejiang Province, China.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the need for screening of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in blood products, we assessed TTI seroprevalence in blood donors and hospitalized patients. METHODS: We collected 2760 serum samples from three regions of Hangzhou, Ningbo and Huzhou from April 2021 to March 2022, and they tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis C (HCV), Treponema pallidum (TP), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) antibody levels. RESULTS: Screening test results showed that the positive rates for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-TP were 3.01 %, 0.39 % and 0.18 %, respectively. The positive rates for CMV IgM and CMV IgG were 0.76 % and 96.96 %, while the positive rates for EB VCA-IgM and EB EA-IgG were 1.88 % and 10.47 %; those for HEV IgM and HEV IgG were 1.16 % and 26.05 %, while the HTLV-1/2 antibody positive rate was 0.04 %. The positive rates for CMV IgG, EB EA-IgG and HEV IgG in hospitalized patients before transfusion were higher than in volunteer blood donors, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The overall co-infection rate was 0.29 %. The positive rates for EB VCA-IgM in the males were significantly higher than in females, and EB VCA-IgM and HEV IgG prevalence varied significantly by age. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate the risk of TTI exposure and TTI transmission in the Zhejiang population, which poses a threat to blood safety. It is hoped that expansion of pathogen categories (CMV, EBV, HEV and HTLV-1/2) and blood screening programs will contribute to the future adoption of scientific blood transfusion methods.

Preliminary exploration on operation process for autologous ozonized blood transfusion / 中国输血杂志

Autologous ozonized blood transfusion(AOBT) is a therapy of re-transfusion of 100-200 mL of autologous blood after shaking and agitation with appropriate amount of oxygen-ozone in vitro. The oxidation of blood through the strong oxidation of ozone can enhance the non-specific immune response of the body, regulate the internal environment and promote health. This therapy has been increasingly applied in clinical practice, while no unified standard for the operation process in terms of ozone concentration, treatment frequency and treatment course had been established. This operation process of AOBT is primarily explored in order to standardize the operation process and ensure its safety and efficacy.

Advances on myeloid-derived suppressor cells in hepatitis B virus infection / 中华临床感染病杂志

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of immature and heterogeneous cells that can inhibit T cell function. In pathological conditions such as tumors, infections, and chronic inflammation, the large expansion of MDSCs is involved in processes of immune escape, immune tolerance and inflammatory reactions. MDSCs are also crucial in the pathophysiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, however, their activation, differentiation, and function during HBV infection are still unclear. This article reviews the general characteristics and roles of MDSCs in HBV infection, as well as related drug therapies, in order to provide information for further research on the related mechanism and potential targeted treatment.

Advances on roles of Th22 cells in human common viral infections / 中华临床感染病杂志

Na?ve CD4 + T cells differentiate into a variety of T helper (Th) subsets that secrete various cytokines to exert biological effects. Th22 cells, a novel identified CD4 + T cell subset, are distinct from Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell subsets. Th22 cells express chemokine receptors CCR4, CCR6 and CCR10, and secrete multiple cytokines such as IL-22, IL-13 and TNF-α, but not IL-17, IL-4 IFN-γ; and IL-22 is considered as major effector cytokine of Th22. The understanding on functions and differentiation mechanisms of Th22 cells have been constantly improved, and Th22 cells play important roles in human common viral infections. The article reviews the current advances about the characteristics, function, differentiation of Th22 cells, the roles of Th22 cells and the key molecules in several human common viral infections, which would provide novel immune strategies for the prevention and treatment of human viral infection.

Factors associated with red blood cell transfusion among hospitalized patients: a cross-sectional study / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a clinically effective therapy in anemia, for example in patients with malignancies (Shander et al., 2020), bleeding (Odutayo et al., 2017), and preoperative anemia (Padmanabhan et al., 2019). The past few decades have witnessed a shortage of blood for transfusion due to limited health insurance coverage for blood use and the rapid expansion of hospitals (Chen et al., 2011; Shi et al., 2014). Blood donation levels may easily be affected by general changes in the environment, policy, major events such as disasters, and public sentiment (Hu et al., 2019). Meanwhile, the transfusion of allogeneic RBC is a double-edged sword, increasing the possibility of infectious and immunological complications, and also leading to higher morbidity and mortality after transfusion (Frank et al., 2012). Considering that the continual shortfall has been increasingly prominent, identifying the factors associated with RBC transfusion could help blood transfusion departments to improve their supply of blood products as well as their inventory management (O'Donnell et al., 2018).

Interference of CD38 monoclonal antibody in blood compatibility testing and its countermeasures: A general consensus among experts / 中国输血杂志

With continuous discovery of tumor immune targets and continuous changes in antibody research and development technology, antibody drugs are becoming more and more widely used in clinical practice. However, some targets are not only expressed on tumor cells, but also on red blood cells. Therefore, the clinical application of antibodies against the corresponding targets may interfere with the detection of blood transfusion compatibility, resulting in difficulty in blood matching or delay of blood transfusion. This consensus summarizes the current solutions for the interference of CD38 monoclonal antibody (CD38 mAb) in transfusion compatibility testing. After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of different methods, polybrene and sulfhydryl reducing agents [dithiothreitol (DTT) or 2-mercaptoethanol (2-Me)], as a solution for CD38 mAb interference in blood compatibility testing, are recommended for Chinese patients, so as to eliminate blood transfusion interference produce by CD38 mAb and further provide a pre-transfusion workflow for clinicians and technicians in Department of Blood Transfusion.

Study on pain control of continuous adductor block analgesia after primary knee replacement / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of continuous adductor block on pain control after bilateral knee joint Ⅰ stage replacement.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was made of the data of 24 patients with bilateral knee joint I stage replacement who were treated in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2019, and who underwent continuous adductor block analgesia. There were 6 males and 18 females, aged 60 to 72 (65.05±5.82) years old. The patients underwent continuous block of adductor canal with patient-controlled analgesia system. At 4, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after operation, visual analogue score(VAS) of resting state and passive motion state was performed;the knee joint activity was followed up for 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months after operation;the knee joint function was scored at 6 months after operation, using the knee joint scoring standard of American Special Surgery Hospital(HSS);adverse reactions and complications were recorded.@*RESULTS@#The VAS scores under resting state and passive motion state at each time point were less than 3 points in patients with continuous adductor block. The patients had better postoperative exercise of knee joint activity. The score of HSS was excellent in 20 cases, good in 2 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in 1 case. There were only 4 cases of nausea and vomiting, none of them had serious adverse reactions and complications such as bradycardia and deep vein thrombosis.@*CONCLUSION@#Continuous adductor block has a significant effect on pain control and less adverse reactions after bilateral knee jointⅠ -stage replacement.

Study on the standard of quality and safety management for clinical blood transfusion service / 中华医院管理杂志

This study aimed at developing restraint standards for quality and safety of blood transfusion services for blood transfusion administration in clinical blood use, as well as such issues before, during and after transfusion. Such means as literature analysis, blood transfusion adverse event analysis, and system standard interpretation were used to study these issues found in clinical blood use at home and abroad, with key points identified according to the universality, high-prevalence rate, criticality and impact degree. A standard framework is established centering on transfusion service and key points as nodes. Hence a standard text comes into being, comprising four sections and 20 key points.

The relation between the positive rate of platelet antibody and the frequency of platelet transfusion, the gender and the blood group of patients / 中国输血杂志

Objective To study the relation between the positive rate of platelet antibody and the frequency of platelet transfusion,the total quantity of platelet transfusion,the gender of patients,the blood group of patients through statistic analysis of the data gathered from patients.Methods A total of 5 745 results of platelet antibodies detection assay throughout the year of 2016 were gathered,and statistical relation between the positive rate of platelet antibody and the gender of patients,the blood group of patients and the frequency of platelet transfusion were analyzed.Results The results of platelet antibodies detection assay show that 108 patients were positive among 5 745 patients,and the positive rate of platelet antibody was 1.87％.There were no relations between the positive rate of platelet antibody and the gender of patients or the blood group of patients,while the positive rate of platelet antibody and the frequency of platelet transfusion were positively correlated.Conclusion Platelet antibody production could impact the therapeutic effect of platelet transfusion.Patients with platelet antibodies should receive matching platelet to ensure the therapeutic effect.

Comparison between propofol used alone and in combination with opioids for sedation during gastroscopy / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To study the effects of propofol used alone and in combined with opioids in gastroscopy,in order to select the more suitable anesthesia protocol.Methods A total of 285 pa-tients undergoing gastroscopy were selected in April ,201 5 in our hospital,including 105 males,180 females,ranging from 18 to 65 years old,weighing 40-90 kg,falling the category of ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ. According to random number table,subjects were divided into four groups:dezocine group(group D, n =76),fentanyl group (group F,n =87),oxycodone group (group O,n = 71 )and control group (group C,n =5 1).Each group was implemented the corresponding anesthesia.SBP,DBP,HR,SpO 2 in baseline(T0 ),1(T1 ),3(T2 ),5(T3 )min after entering gastroscope were recorded.Choking cough, body movement,extra propofol,awakening time and inspecting time were observed.Results Among four groups,there was no statistical significance in age,gender,weight,blood pressure,heart rate and oxygen saturation and other general information.There were more cases given extra propofol in group C than in the other three groups (P <0.01 ).While for the experimental groups,there were more cases needing extra propofol in group O than in group D and group F (P < 0.01 ).The incidences of body movement and choking cough in group C were higher than those in the other three groups (P <0.01 ).Compared with the group C,dosage of propofol ,awakening time in the three groups,especially in group D,were much lower (P < 0.01 ).Conclusion Propofol in combination with opioids for sedation during painless gastroscopy can alleviate adverse reaction caused by propofol used alone.The more suitable anesthesia protocol is propofol with dezocine.

The effects of dexmedetomidine as a pre-anesthesia medication in rapid sequence induction / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on hemodynamics and tra-cheal intubation facility in general anesthetized patients.Methods Forty gynecological patients of se-lective operation under general anesthesia were randomly arranged into 2 groups:group D and group C.With high flow mask oxygen inhalation(5 L/min),dexmedetomidine was intravenously pumped in-to the patients in group D at 0.6μg/kg in 10 minutes while in group C saline were given instead.Both groups were then proceeded with rapid sequence induction (RSI)immediately.The values of MAP, HR,PaO2 and PaCO2 were recorded every minute from pumping start till 15 minutes,the bucking, intubation time and glottis exposure were evaluated as well.Results No significant differences were found in intubation time or glottis exposure between these two groups.After tracheal intubation group D showed higher MAP value than group C at 14,15 minutes,and a lower HR value (P <0.05).Even no significant differences were found in values of SpO2 and PaO2 ,the group D showed less bucking than the group C (P<0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine administration at 0.6μg/kg in RSI can diminish the variation in hemodynamics and facilitate the tracheal intubation by less buc-king,but no affect the oxygen reserve.

Clinical significance of anti-HBc-IgG only positivity of HBV markers in serum / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To discuss the clinical significance of anti-HBc-IgG(anti-HBc) only positivity of HBV markers in serum.Methods The total and the isolated anti-HBc positive rate were calculated retrospectively from 5 213 and 594 inpatients′ serum samples determined for five HBV markers including HBsAg,anti-HBs,HBeAg,anti-HBe and anti-HBc by microparticle enzyme immunoassay(MEIA),enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),respectively.The levels of anti-HBs were analysed in 167 five-HBV-marker negative and 124 anti-HBc-only positive subjects determined for five HBV markers by MEIA.Making a dilution with range from 2- to 30-fold with the phosphate buffer system containing 10% bovine calf serum to 97 serum samples with epidemiological anti-HBc only positivity screened from 594 inpatients determined for five HBV markers by ELISA,and anti-HBc of the dilute serum samples were determined by ELISA and MEIA,respectively.Results The total and the isolated anti-HBc positive rate with epidemiological and clinical significance by ELISA were 72.1%, 16.3 % and 62.6%,7.6%,respectively.The total and the isolated anti-HBc positive rate by MEIA were 78.1% and 13.2%,respectively.The difference of anti-HBs levels between five-HBV-marker negative and anti-HBc-only positive subjects determined for anti-HBs by MEIA was significant(?~2= 86.9 ,P

Study on mechanism of tea polyphenols in inducing human lung cancer cell apoptosis in vitro / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the apoptosis inducing effect of tea polyphenols (TPP) on human lung cancer cell (LCC) and its associative mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The apoptosis inducing effect of TPP on LCC in vitro, and its influence on expression of the related gene were determined by MTT assay, laser scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TPP in different concentration (50,100,200 and 400 microg/ml) had dose-dependent inhibitory effect on LCC, the inhibitory rate was 28.69+/-1.27% ,46. 19+/-1.79% ,64.61+/-1.29%, 75.90+/-1.96%, respectively. The inhibited LCC were blocked in (G0/G1 phase, and could not transferred to S and G2/ M phase of cell cycle. Meanwhile, TPP could induce apoptosis of LCC, the apoptotic rate being 4.76+/-0.11 %, 5.78+/-0.38 %, 10.06+/-0.67 %, 24.44+/-0.44 %, respectively. Morphologic changes of cells were seen in laser scanning confocal microscopy observation. Compared to the control group, intracellular Ca2+ concentration, Annexin V expression, phospatase and tensin homologe deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) protein and expression gradually increased, while Cyclin D1 protein expression gradually decreased in the TPP treated groups along with the increasing of TPS concentration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TTP can induce LCC apoptosis, the mechanism is related to the change of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, PTEN protein and Cyclin D1 protein expression.</p>

Telomerase activity and telomere length in CD4+,CD8+ and CD19+ lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the telomerase activity and the telomere length in CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD19(+) lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Telomerase activity of CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD19(+) cells from patients with SLE and normal controls was examined by telomeric repeats amplification protocol. Telomere length in those cells was measured by Southern blot method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD19(+) cells in patients with SLE showed high telomerase activity, but only telomerase activity of CD19(+) cells was significantly higher than that in controls. The length of telomere in CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells was significantly shorter than that in controls, but not in CD19(+) cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Higher telomerase activity in CD19(+) cells and shortened telomere length in CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells of patients with SLE may be associated with pathogenesis of SLE.</p>

Expression of Fas, FasL and Bcl-2 and apoptosis of bone marrow CD34+ cells in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome / 中国实验血液学杂志

In order to observe the expression of Fas, FasL and Bcl-2 and apoptosis of bone marrow CD34(+) cells in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and to explore the relation between the expression of these antigens and apoptosis, the expression of Fas, FasL and Bcl-2 and apoptosis of bone marrow CD34(+) cell were evaluated by flow cytometry in 26 patients with MDS including 9 cases of refactory anemia (RA), 1 case of RA with ringed sideroblasts (RAS), 9 cases of RA with excess blasts (RAEB) and 7 cases of RAEB in transformation (RAEB-t), 10 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 6 control patients with normal bone marrow. The results showed that the expression of Fas and FasL of CD34(+) cells significantly increased in all types of MDS patients compared with control group (P < 0.01). The expression of Bcl-2 on CD34(+) cells in RAEB and RAEB-t patients was much higher as compared with that in control group (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between RA/RAS patients and control group (P > 0.05). The expression rates of Fas on CD34(+) cells were almost identical in all kinds of MDS, but there was significant difference on the expression of Bcl-2 (RA/RAS < RAEB < RAEB-t). Apoptosis of CD34(+) cells significantly increased in RA/RAS and RAEB patients compared with control group (P < 0.01), but there was no difference between RAEB-t and control group. Moreover, apoptosis of CD34(+) cells in control much higher than that in AML group (P < 0.01). There was no correlation between the expression of Fas or FasL and apoptosis on CD34(+) cell of MDS patients. Nevertheless, there was a negative correlation between the expression of Bcl-2 and apoptosis. It is concluded that apoptosis of CD34(+) cells was affected by a lot of factors in MDS, in which Bcl-2 is an important factor of depressing apoptosis. During the progress from MDS to AML, apoptosis changes from overgoing to deficiency in CD34(+) cell.